介绍
使用吸入剂的一般优点：该方法在技术上是可行，并且通常为优选方式。因为其精确，快速可调，安全有效。特别是对于持续超过 1-2 小时的手术，术后恢复速度快，相对于注射麻醉更为简单。兔子和啮齿动物应用吸入麻醉的主要难点是确保麻醉机及动物呼吸道的通畅。兔子和啮齿动物的插管并不困难。啮齿动物的插管通常需要进行气管切开术（通常是非生存手术）或利用专门的气管内导管和喉镜设备。麻醉气体可以通过具有废气清除手段的半封闭式面罩系统进行输送。只要系统泄漏较小，2-4％ 的异氟烷完全够进行维持麻醉。

通过麻醉操作可完成 IP 注射，采血，切牙及简单的外科手术。不建议兽医人员使用乙氧基乙烷，因为乙氧基乙烷易燃易爆的，具有强烈的难闻气味，并且需要具体的 IACUC 和化学品安全批准。推荐使用专业的动物麻醉机，其具有精度高，调整快，安全高效等优点，从长远来看，更加经济节约。氟烷和异氟烷具有高蒸气压，如果在没有严格控制体积的诱导室中使用，可能产生快速致命的气体浓度（故不建议使用棉球蘸取简易麻醉和使用质量不佳的麻醉机）。


麻醉气体特征

氟烷
该药能快速诱导及恢复心脏和呼吸的抑制。对上呼吸道刺激性比其他药物少，但镇痛和肌肉松弛性较差，使心脏对儿茶酚胺敏感。氟烷具有致突变性和肝毒性等其他不利影响。只能在通风橱中使用，氟烷的市场供应正在减少。

异氟烷
该药不易代谢成有毒副产物，能快速诱导和恢复，对儿茶酚胺诱发的心律失常不敏感，并能保持良好的心输出量。它是吸入麻醉的首选药物。
   
逆转剂与药物代谢
参考资料

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