服务名称 ：Autism Spectrum Disorders qBiomarker Copy Number PCR Arrays 人自闭症qBiomarker拷贝数PCR芯片

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Autism Spectrum Disorders qBiomarker Copy Number PCR Arrays

Autism Spectrum Disorders qBiomarker Copy Number PCR Arrays 人自闭症qBiomarker拷贝数PCR芯片

Product	Species	Technology	Cat. No.
Autism Spectrum Disorders qBiomarker Copy Number PCR Arrays	Human	Copy Number	VAHS-3501Z

The Human Autism Spectrum Disorders qBiomarker Copy Number PCR Array profiles the copy number of 95 genes reported to undergo frequent genomic alterations in autism spectrum disorders. Impaired social interaction and communication as well as restricted and repetitive behavior characterize autism, a neural development disorder that presents before three years of age Autism affects the brain’s information processing by changing, in unknown ways, how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize. Only behavioral criteria can currently be used to diagnosis autism, but its cause is presumed to have a complex genetic component. Many de novo genomic rearrangements, including copy number variations (CNV), have been identified in patients with autism and autism spectrum disorders.The genes on this array encode cell adhesion molecules, epigenetic factors, cytoskeleton components, ion transporters, kinases, metabolic enzymes, phosphatases, neurotransmitter receptors and transcription factors. These proteins regulate processes such as axon growth, axon guidance, central nervous system development (including dysfunction and maintenance), signaling (via hormones, nerve growth factors, and neurotransmitters), synaptic plasticity and synaptic transmission.Genes were chosen from the most frequently amplified or deleted genes relevant to autism spectrum disorders based on a critical review of the primary literature and public databases. This array may serve as a useful tool to help classify samples by genotype and help verify phenotypic biomarkers. The array facilitates the analysis of each gene in each sample in quadruplicate and includes a stable multi-copy reference assay for accurate copy number determination via appropriate DNA input normalization. The simplicity of the product format and operating procedure allows routine and reliable copy number profiling in any research.
The qBiomarker Copy Number PCR Arrays are intended for molecular biology applications. This product is not intended for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of a disease

人自闭症qBiomarker拷贝数PCR芯片分析已报道的在孤独症谱系障碍中发生频繁突变的95个基因的拷贝数。自闭症以社会交往和交流能力受损以及行为受限和重复为特征，三岁前会出现神经发育紊乱。自闭症以某种未知方式通过改变神经细胞和突触连接以及组织影响大脑的信息处理。目前只有行为标准可以用来诊断孤独症，但推测其病因有一个复杂的遗传因素。许多de novo基因组重组,包括拷贝数变异(CNV)，已在自闭症和自闭症谱系障碍患者中进行鉴定。这个芯片的基因编码细胞粘附分子，表观遗传因素，细胞骨架组件，离子转运蛋白激酶，代谢酶，磷酸酶，神经递质受体和转录因子。这些蛋白调节轴突生长，轴突引导,中枢神经系统开发(包括功能障碍和维护)，信号传导(通过激素、神经生长因子和神经递质)，突触可塑性和突触传递等过程。这些基因来自主要文献评论和公共数据库中与孤独症谱系障碍相关的最频繁扩增或缺失的基因。这个芯片可做为帮助分类样本的基因型并验证表型生物标记的有效工具来。这个芯片可以使每个基因在每个样本中有四个重复，同时包含一个稳定的多拷贝参考实验，通过适当的DNA插入标准化精确检测拷贝数。简单的产品模式和操作程序让任何一个具备实时定量PCR仪的实验室都可进行常规可靠的拷贝数检测。
qBiomarker拷贝数PCR芯片用于分子生物学应用。本产品不用于疾病的诊断、预防和治疗。
Genes Implicated in Autism Spectrum Disorders:ADSL, AFF2, AHI1, ATRX, c3orf58, CACNA1C, CDKL5, CHD7, CNTNAP2, CREBBP, DHCR7, DMD, DMPK, FGD1, FMR1, IL1RAPL1, MECP2, NF1, NIPBL, NLGN3, NLGN4X, NRXN1, NSD1, PTEN, PTPN11, RAI1, RPL10, SHANK3, SLC6A8, SLC9A9, TBX1, TSC1, TSC2, UBE3A, VPS13B.
Candidate Autism Spectrum Disorder Genes:AGAP1, AGMO, ANKRD11, ANKRD12, ASTN1, ASTN2, AUTS2, B3GALT6, CADPS2, CAP2, CDH10, CDH18, CDH9, CNTN3, CNTN4, CTNND2, DISC1, DLGAP2, DPP10, DPP6, DPYD, FHIT, GABRA5, GABRB1, GABRB3, GABRG1, GALNT13, GRID1, GRIK2, GRIN2A, GRM8, GRPR, JMJD1C, KCNMA1, MDGA2, MET, MTF1, NBEA, NEGR1, NLGN1, NRCAM, PAK7, PARK2, PCDH10, PCDH9, PDE9A, PIP5K1B, PRKAG2, PRKCB, RBFOX1, RFWD2, RNF8, SCN7A, SEMA5A, SHANK2, SLC25A12, SLC4A10, SRPK2, STK3, WDR4.
Rare Copy Number Variations:AGAP1, ASTN2, AUTS2, CADPS2, CNTN3, CNTN4, CTNND2, DPP10, DPP6, GABRA5, GALNT13, GRID1, GRM8, MDGA2, NLGN1, PAK7, PARK2, PCDH10, PCDH9, PRKAG2, RFWD2, RNF8, SCN7A.
Deletions:AGMO, ANKRD11, B3GALT6, DPYD, FHIT, NBEA, NRXN, PCDH9, RBFOX1, SLC4A10.
Duplications:CAP2, DLGAP2, GABRG1, PDE9A, WDR4.
Translocation Breakpoint:CDH18, GRPR, KCNMA1, NBEA, NEGR1, PIP5K1B, STK3.
Inversion Breakpoint:JMJD1C, SRPK2, GABRG1.
Association:AGAP1, CADPS2, CDH10, CDH9, DISC1, GABRB1, GABRB3, GRIK2, GRIN2A, MET, MTF1, NRCAM, PRKCB, SEMA5A, SLC25A12.
Linkage:AGAP1, GRIK2, SLC25A12.
Paralogues of Other Implicated or Candidate Genes:ANKRD12, ASTN1, DPP10, SHANK2.
Behavior, Cognition, Learning & Memory:AFF2, CHD7, CNTNAP2, CTNND2, GABRA5, GRIK2, GRIN2A, GRPR, NF1, NIPBL, NLGN3, NLGN4X, NRXN1, PARK2, SHANK3, TBX1.
Central Nervous System Development:AFF2, ATRX, CDKL5, CHD7, CNTN4, CNTNAP2, DISC1, DMD, FMR1, GABRA5, GRIN2A, IL1RAPL1, MDGA2, NF1, NIPBL, NLGN1, NLGN3, NLGN4X, NRCAM, NRXN1, PARK2, PTEN, SHANK3, STK3, TBX1, TSC1, TSC2, UBE3A.
Neurogenesis & Axonogenesis:CACNA1C, CAP2, CDKL5, CNTN4, CNTNAP2, DISC1, DMD, GABRA5, GRIN2A, IL1RAPL1, MDGA2, MET, NF1, NLGN1, NLGN3, NRCAM, NRXN1, PTEN, PTPN11, SEMA5A, SHANK3, TSC1.
Synaptic Plasticity & Transmission:CADPS2, CNTN4, CNTNAP2, CTNND2, DLGAP2, DMD, DMPK, GABRA5, GABRB1, GABRB3, GABRG1, GRIK2, GRIN2A, GRM8, KCNMA1, NF1, NLGN1, NLGN3, NLGN4X, NRCAM, NRXN1, PARK2, PRKCB, SHANK3, TSC1.
Neurotransmitter & Other Receptors:GABRA5, GABRB1, GABRB3, GABRG1, GRID1, GRIK2, GRIN2A, GRM8, MET.
Ion Transporters:CACNA1C, KCNMA1, SCN7A, SLC25A12, SLC4A10, SLC6A8, SLC9A9.
Cell Adhesion & Cytoskeleton:ASTN1, ASTN2, CAP2, CDH10, CDH18, CDH9, CNTN3, CNTN4, CNTNAP2, CTNND2, DISC1, DLGAP2, DMD, DMPK, NEGR1, NLGN1, NLGN3, NLGN4X, NRCAM, NRXN1, PCDH10, PCDH9, SEMA5A.
Anchoring & Scaffolding:NBEA, SHANK2, SHANK3.
Intracellular Transport:CADPS2, FGD1, NBEA, VPS13B.
Kinases & Phosphatases:CDKL5, DMPK, GRPR, PAK7, PIP5K1B, PRKAG2, PRKCB, PTEN, PTPN11, SRPK2, STK3.
Regulation of Transcription & Epigenetics:AFF2, ANKRD11, ANKRD12, ATRX, CHD7, CREBBP, JMJD1C, MECP2, MTF1, NIPBL, NSD1, RAI1, RNF8, TBX1.
RNA Binding & Translation:FMR1, RBFOX1, RPL10, WDR4.
Small G-Protein Signaling:AGAP1, FGD1, NF1, TSC1, TSC2.
Metabolism:ADSL, AGMO, DHCR7, DPYD, FHIT.
Glycosylation:B3GALT6, GALNT13.
Peptidases:DPP10, DPP6.
Ubiquitination:PARK2, RFWD2, UBE3A.
Phosphodiesterase:PDE9A.
Others:AHI1, AUTS2, C3orf58, IL1RAPL1, MDGA2.

How it Works

The Copy Number PCR array is a set of optimized real-time PCR primer assays on 96-well, 100-tube or 384-well plates for measuring changes in copy number. The PCR array performs copy number analysis with real-time PCR sensitivity and the multi-loci profiling capability of a microarray. Simply mix the genomic DNA sample with the appropriate ready-to-use PCR master mix, aliquot equal volumes to each well of the same plate, and then run the real-time PCR cycling program. (Download user manual)

Figure 1:

How Copy Number PCR Arrays Work - Protocol Chart

The procedure involves isolating genomic DNA (QIAGEN QIAamp DNA Mini Kit or FFPE Tissue Kit is recommended), qPCR detection on qBiomarker Copy Number PCR Arrays or Assays, and data analysis (using the qBiomarker Copy Number Data Analysis). An optional DNA sample quality control step immediately before the detection array or assay setup allows the user to qualify the DNA samples.
To complete the Copy Number PCR Array procedure, start with 400 to1000 nanograms of genomic DNA isolated from fresh tissues, or as low as 800 nanograms of DNA from FFPE sections. Then, mix your DNA with the ready-to-use qBiomarker SYBR Green Mastermixes and aliquot the mixture into each well of the same plate containing pre-dispensed locus-specific primer assays. By performing real-time PCR, the copy number status of a particular sample is determined by comparing the CT values between your test sample and a wild-type control sample (see qBiomarker Copy Number Data Analysis section for detailed principles).

Why qBiomarker Copy Number Arrays?
Guaranteed Performance* - ready-to-use for copy number analysis
Time and cost saving - less than 30 minutes hands-on time for analyzing 23 loci
Ease of data analysis using our easy-to-use Excel-based data analysis template or web-based analysis tool

Layout and Controls: The PCR Arrays are available in both 96-, 384-well plates and 100-well discs and are used to measure the copy number of 23 or 95 genes related to a disease state or pathway. Each gene/locus-specific assay is repeated in technical quadruplicate as indicated in the figure above. As an example, the first gene in the array is measured in wells A1, C1, E1 and G1. The qBiomarker Multicopy Reference Assay (MRef) is used to normalize the data for differences in the amounts of genomic DNA. The Multicopy Reference Assay is shown in purple in the above figure in wells B12, D12, F12, and H12.

You can easily perform a Copy Number PCR Array experiment in your own laboratory, or send your samples to us and take advantage of our PCR Array Services.

*: when using qBiomarker SYBR® Green Mastermix.

Performance Data:
The qBiomarker Copy Number PCR Array System yields a more accurate representation of changes in copy number by using a multi-copy reference assay to normalize the raw target specific data.

qBiomarker Multicopy Reference Assay
The qBiomarker Copy Number Arrays have an integrated multi-copy reference assay for data normalization. The multi-copy reference assay recognizes a stable sequence that appears in the human genome over 60 times, and whose copy number is not affected or minimally affected by local genomic changes. Inclusion of this reference assay during testing allows use of the ΔΔCT method to accurately make copy number calls or relative copy number change calls for specific targets.

qBiomarker Multicopy Reference Assay is superior to RNase P as a reference assay for copy number determination. Tumor cell line DNA (SKBR3) and reference genomic DNA were mixed in different ratios (100%, 87.5%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% and 0% SKBR3 cells respectively), and the DNA mixes were tested for GRB7 gene copy number, using either MRef assay or RNaseP assay as the reference. The GRB7 copy number in the reference genomic DNA is assumed to be 2. The "Expected" GRB7 gene copy numbers in 87.5%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% mixing ratio samples are calculated based on the GRB7 gene copy number in 100% SKBR3 genomic DNA sample, and the mixing ratio between the SKBR3 genomic DNA and Promega genomic DNA. The observed GRB7 gene copy numbers in general agree well with the expected values when using QIAGEN Multi-copy Reference Assay as the reference, while significant differences exist between the observed GRB7 gene copy numbers and the expected values when RNaseP is used as the reference assay.

RNaseP gene is not suitable as a normalizer of sample input in cancer cell line DNA samples. The absolute average copy numbers of RNaseP per normal genome copy amount of DNA were determined in two breast cancer cell line (SKBR3 and MCF7) genomic DNAs with the delta delta Ct method, using QIAGEN multi-copy reference assay as the normalization control of DNA input. The absolute copy number of RNaseP per normal genome in the genomic DNA is assumed to be 2.

Universal Nature of Multicopy Reference Assay
The complete PCR Array System, with high quality input RNA, is guaranteed to yield single amplicons of the predicted size without primer dimers or other secondary products to ensure the most accurate real-time PCR results possible.

Stable Performance of the Multicopy Reference (MRef) Assay in 129 DNAs from 9 Major Human Populations. The qBiomarker multi-copy reference assay (MRef) and a qBiomarker copy number assay for RB1 were tested against DNAs from 129 healthy individuals from 9 major ethnic populations. Each assay and DNA sample combination was run in quadruple reactions. Delta CT between the average CT of the MRef assay and the RB1 assay was calculated for each individual DNA. The average delta Ct for samples within each ethnic population is plotted. Error bars show the standard deviation of the delta CT within each ethnic population. The RB1 gene is assumed to be present at 2 copies in all healthy individual DNAs.

Application Data

Aneuploidy Study

qBiomarker Copy Number Assays accurately identify aneuploidy. qBiomarker Copy Number Assays designed to target AR and MECP2 were tested against 4 cell line DNAs containing 1 copy (XY, Coriell NA13619), 2 copies (XX, Coriell NA01921), 3 copies (XXX, Coriell NA03623) and 4 copies (XXXX, Coriell NA11226) of X-chromosome. Chromosomal aberrations had been previously identified by cytogenetic methods. A control assay, targeting a stable, multi-copy region in the human genome, was used to normalize the amount of DNA input. ΔΔCT method was used to calculate the gene copy number, using XX (Coriell NA01921) as a 2-copy reference. Each assay was tested against each sample in quadruple replicate reactions, and a t-test was performed.